The outbreak of HPAI H5N1 is impacting U.S. dairy cattle, with confirmed cases across over 200 herds, including California. The USDA is actively testing raw milk and dairy cattle carcasses for the virus, confirming that pasteurization kills H5N1. Measures are in place to control the virus, including import restrictions and vaccine development. Although human cases remain rare, health officials are closely monitoring the situation to ensure public safety.
The outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), specifically avian influenza type A H5N1, continues to pose challenges for U.S. dairy cattle after its initial discovery this spring. As of now, outbreaks have been confirmed in dairy cattle across more than 200 herds, including significant cases in California, making it the 14th state affected.
Current Testing Measures
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has been proactive in testing raw milk from dairy cows to identify the H5N1 virus. The FDA has also conducted tests on commercial milk supplies, confirming that pasteurization effectively kills the virus. However, there have been instances of the virus appearing in the milk of asymptomatic cows, highlighting the unpredictable nature of this disease.
In response to the spread of H5N1, the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) has incorporated HPAI testing into its national surveillance program for beef. As of September 16, FSIS began testing dairy cattle carcasses for H5N1 as part of its National Residue Program (NRP), which monitors for pathogens and chemical contaminants in meat products.
Safety Measures and Research
Over the next year, FSIS plans to test 800 skeletal muscle samples from dairy cow carcasses to detect the presence of the virus. Carcasses testing positive will not enter the food supply; instead, they will be purchased by the USDA for further research.
Federal and state governments are implementing measures to control the virus’s spread, including import restrictions and requiring negative H5N1 test results for out-of-state transportation. California has seen a rise in confirmed cases, especially in its Central Valley region.
Vaccine Development
In related developments, the USDA’s Center for Veterinary Biologics has initiated field trials for the first vaccine against H5N1 in cattle. Previously, testing could only be conducted in high-security laboratories. The new approach allows for quicker field studies, expediting vaccine approval.
Human Cases of HPAI
In a concerning development, the 15th human case of HPAI was confirmed in Missouri, with the individual having no known connection to dairy or poultry farming. Health officials are investigating how this individual contracted the virus. While the CDC states that the risk to the general public remains low, the situation is under continuous review as more information becomes available.
The USDA and associated agencies are taking significant steps to manage the HPAI outbreak in dairy cattle, ensuring food safety while exploring vaccine options. Continued vigilance and research are crucial to mitigate the impact of this virus on both the livestock industry and public health.
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