The US dairy industry is facing significant challenges due to rising temperatures, with studies showing a major decline in milk production. Researchers from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign analyzed Midwest dairy farms and found that heat stress has led to billions of pounds in lost milk yield, disproportionately affecting smaller farms. As climate change intensifies, adaptation strategies and policy interventions are becoming crucial.
The dairy industry in the United States is experiencing a concerning decline in milk production due to rising temperatures, according to researchers from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. The study, which analyzed dairy farms across nine Midwest states, found that extreme heat stress has significantly impacted milk yield, causing financial losses that could worsen if climate trends continue.
The study examined data from over 18,000 dairy farms between 2012 and 2016, covering more than 56 million individual cow production records. The findings revealed that heat stress led to a cumulative loss of approximately 1.4 billion pounds of milk over five years, resulting in an estimated $245 million in lost revenue.
“Cows are mammals like us, and they experience heat stress just like we do,” stated Marin Skidmore, co-author of the study.
Small Farms at Higher Risk
Smaller dairy farms, particularly those with fewer than 100 cows, were found to be the most vulnerable. While they contribute only 20% of total milk production, they accounted for 27% of total heat-related losses. Larger farms have better access to cooling technologies, such as advanced ventilation and misting systems, helping them reduce the effects of heat stress.
Future Projections and Industry Concerns
The study warns that if climate change continues at its current pace, milk production losses could increase by 30% by 2050, further straining dairy farmers. Researchers emphasize the need for policy support and adaptation strategies, including improved cooling infrastructure, genetic advancements for heat-resistant cattle, and economic assistance to struggling farmers.
As climate challenges mount, industry leaders and policymakers are urged to prioritize sustainable solutions to protect the future of dairy farming in the United States.
